If I am incorrect of what steveo is talking about, please advise.
Basically quench is the distance from the flat parts of the head to the piston. Let's say your engine is assembled with the piston .010" down from the deck(deck clearance). If you use a standard .038" thick gasket, you will have .048" quench. Most hot rod people try for .035" - .040" quench. The desired quench can be done with deck machining or gasket thickness.
-Carl
Tom, The quench area is the tight area between the flat portion of the piston and the flat portion of the combustion chamber. Its purpose is to squeeze all of the mixture into the combustion area, so you want it as tight as possible without making contact. If you put a thicker head gasket in, then that area becomes less efficient, holds more mixture, and becomes more prone to detonation.
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