No, not all TPS are created equal. Generally the signal going to the TPS is the same (I've only ever seen cars send a 5V signal to TPS, though it's entirely possible there are older cars that use 12V), but the signal coming out is different.

As an example, on the Chrysler PT Cruiser, the TPS 0% outputs about 0.7V, and 100% outputs about 3.77V. If you use a scan tool that assumes TPS is 0V~5V, this will end up reading on 14%~75%. It's not actually reading 14%~75%, because the computer expects 0.7V at 0% TPS and 3.77V at 100% TPS, it's just the scan tool misinterpreting it.

So what's important is the range of values that your particular ECM/PCM expects for 0% and 100% TPS. These can usually be found in the Factory Service Manual in the diagnostic section for TPS error messages. Again, as an example, for the 1995 Corvette the acceptable range for 0% is 0.3V~0.9V (and automatically calibrates at key-on-engine-off), and 100% is up to 5V (full range). This is wildly different from the system on the PT Cruiser, and indeed, each system tends to be unique.

So yeah, first find out what range of values your ECM wants, then you can try to match a TPS accordingly.